The arrangement of rays within the phloem and rhytidome was studied in Aesculus stems. It was found that on the cross section most rays in the stem deviate in Z-direction. that is to the right from the geometric radius. The mechanism of Z-arrangement of the rays may be as follows: owing to the action of wind on the crown torques arise causing the torsion of the wood core. https://herbsdailyes.shop/product-category/ashwagandha/